5 Th Iccrts " the Evolution of C2 " Title: Human and Machine Interaction with Knowledge Bases Topic: Topic 3: Information Sharing and Collaboration Processes and Behaviours Topic 2: Networks and Networking Title: Human and Machine Interaction with Knowledge-bases

A philosophical basis for constructing knowledge-bases is established and the terms “knowledge”, “information” and “facts” defined in relation to it. It is then proposed how knowledge should be represented in knowledge-bases, and the need explained for a common language for machine to knowledge-base interaction, and machine-tomachine interaction about knowledge. An approach to the development of this common-language is provided. Human interactions are not intended to use this common-language directly, and it is explained how different languages used by humans and external systems can be integrated into a knowledge-based system. Language is discussed in terms of its semantic and pragmatic components, showing how different categories of information exchange session can be used to standardise the pragmatic components such that the intended meaning is clear beyond the literal meaning; including, critically, how the knowledge-base contents should change after each interaction, and how to respond (where appropriate).